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里來醫(yī)學(xué)銅蟲 (小有名氣)
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里來分享 | 注意文章摘要寫作的四大陷阱! 已有2人參與
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學(xué)術(shù)期刊一般不會(huì)因?yàn)檎Z法錯(cuò)誤而拒絕一篇文章,但一定會(huì)因?yàn)檫壿嫽靵y而拒絕一篇文章。 因此,一篇SCI 論文能否被錄用,主要還是看它所提出的方法和觀點(diǎn)是否有價(jià)值,是否有獨(dú)到的學(xué)術(shù)見解,推理是否合乎邏輯,及其證明是否科學(xué)等等。 當(dāng)然,邏輯固然重要,但論文也應(yīng)該按照一定的格式、良好的寫作風(fēng)格來撰寫。寫作風(fēng)格良好與否,無疑影響了該文的學(xué)術(shù)水平,還會(huì)直接影響作者在讀者心目中學(xué)術(shù)形象,以刊出的許多SCl論文的abstract為例,就有許多這樣的問題。 接下來,就來細(xì)數(shù)一下我所見過的 abstract 寫作大坑∶ 坑1∶寫作風(fēng)格隨意 科技學(xué)術(shù)論文,包括SCl論文及其摘要,屬于正式寫作范疇。 正式寫作的特點(diǎn)是要使用書面語言,不同于口語寫作,需要正式、客觀的寫作風(fēng)格。 然而,不少人在編寫abstract時(shí)會(huì)將正式寫作和口語寫作混淆,例如有些abstract的初稿出現(xiàn)如下語句∶ 1.In this paper, we have given a reason that is... 2.2.In this way,the measures can... 3.so strong association rules are generated according to... 4. As inductive tools, spatiotemporal data mining techniques are designed to find out... 5.My study has confirmed the saying that... 像 【have given a reason】,【In this way】,【so】,【find out】,【saying】均為【毒藥式】口語句式。尤其是【My study】這種第一人稱的描述,是堅(jiān)決不能出現(xiàn)的。 坑2∶陳述過于簡(jiǎn)單 abstract 雖然簡(jiǎn)短,但不應(yīng)過于簡(jiǎn)單。以下示例則違反了abstract的一般規(guī)則∶abstract In this paper, strong association rules are generated according to the user-specified minimum evaluation indicators. 這種「一句式」的 abstract,還沒等到審稿人出場(chǎng),就會(huì)直接被編輯狂懟回去。畢竟這只能算是標(biāo)題的擴(kuò)展,根本不能作為論文的梗概。 當(dāng)然,這種「二句式」的 abstract也不行,照樣會(huì)被編輯吊打∶ abstract The author in this paper presents a mutual-information-based quantitative association rule-mining algorithm (MIQarma) to address these challenges. The MIQarma is proved to be effective, and the authors are satisfied with the results. 如果沒有讀過全稿,我們僅分析這個(gè) abstract,會(huì)更容易發(fā)現(xiàn)它的不恰當(dāng),因?yàn)槿鄙倭藥讉(gè)必要要素的描述。如果是三要素 abstract ,至少有目的、方法和結(jié)論,至少要有完整的 3~4 句文字。 坑 3:內(nèi)容缺失 讓我們?cè)賮砜纯匆黄?abstract: Abstract. This paper focuses on finding spatial association rules.In the first part of the article the specifics of spatial databases are discussed and the existing meth-ods for finding spatial association rules are reviewed. Also different classes of spatial relations used to express the relationships between objects in spatial databases are presented. Farther a method for mining spatial association rules has been proposed and special data structure, called T-Lree, for storing frequent and potentially fre-quent itemsets has been introduced. Spatial objects are represented here as points. Non-spatial items contain information considering spatial elements. Discovered as-sociations contain information including both spatial and non-spatial elements. 首先,根據(jù)寫作要求, abstract 至少需要目的、方法和結(jié)論三要素(全要素為:背景、目的、方法、結(jié)論和意義)。但是這個(gè) abstract 并沒有告訴讀者該篇論文的研究結(jié)果,缺少結(jié)論這一重要的必備要素。 其次,從結(jié)構(gòu)上看, 主題句顯得相當(dāng)模糊,給讀者確定該篇論文的主要目的帶來了困難。第一句「This paper focuses on finding spatial association rules.」其實(shí)上指的是論文的領(lǐng)域背景,即說明了論文所關(guān)注的問題,但「finding spatial association rules」這件事是很多研究者都做過的,通篇并沒有把論文想解決的問題以及必要性說明白。 最后, 一些內(nèi)容其實(shí)不必在 abstract 中表達(dá),例如「In the first part of the article the specifics of spatial databases are discussed and the existing methods for finding spatial association rules are reviewed. 」這種說明文章結(jié)構(gòu)的信息,實(shí)在是沒有必要出現(xiàn)在 abstract 里。 該 abstract 是一篇署名單位為某世界知名大學(xué)某學(xué)院的論文。此例說明,即使是老外,要想寫好英文科技論文,也是需要好好磨煉英文寫作技能的。 坑 4:abstract 的前言化 讓我們?cè)賮砜纯催@一段,這個(gè)例子存在一個(gè)很典型問題,是初寫者一不注意就會(huì)掉進(jìn)的坑: Abstract. Information and the knowledge pertaining to it are important to mak-ing informed decisions. In domains where knowledge changes quickly, such as business and open source intelligence gathering there is a need to represent and manage the collection of dynamic information from multiple sources. Some of this information may be transitory due to its situated context and time-limited value (cg driven by a changing busincss market). Ontologies offer a way to model concepts and relationships from information sources and for dynamic domains it is important to look at how to support evolution of knowledge repre-sented in an ontology, the change management of an ontology and how to main-tain consistency when mapping and merging knowledge from multiple sources to an ontology base. One of the difficulties is that often contradictions can oc-cur and sources may be unreliable. In this paper we introduce a technique for merging knowledge while ensuring that the reliability of that knowledge is cap-tured and present a model which supports ontology evolution through the inclu-sion of trust and belief measures. 該 abstract 除了最后一句,其余部分基本算是Introduction中的 background。這段abstract 主要介紹了專業(yè)背景和一般性的領(lǐng)域知識(shí),沒有提供論文核心性的信息,算是比較差的一篇 abstract。 將 abstract與Introduction混淆,而直接將Introduction 修改后放到 abstract 中的行為,是極不可取的。 abstract是對(duì)整篇論文進(jìn)行總結(jié)概述,讓讀者快速了解【解決了什么學(xué)術(shù)問題,能使用什么樣的方法,經(jīng)過實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)試,最后結(jié)果/結(jié)論是如何的】。它通常包括背景(可選)、目的、方法、結(jié)果和意義(可選)等幾個(gè)部分。 而 Introduction是 SCI 論文正文的第一部分,用來陳述研究目標(biāo)、介紹適當(dāng)?shù)膯栴}背景,現(xiàn)存的研究成果及其不足,再描述本文研究解決的問題以及目的,指出本文研究的意義。 文章寫出來的 而是改出來的,如果繞過這些寫作陷阱,一定會(huì)對(duì)您的寫作事半功倍! |
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