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yexuqing木蟲之王 (文學(xué)泰斗)
太陽系系主任
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用溶劑增韌的玻璃狀凝膠
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用溶劑增韌的玻璃狀凝膠 ▲ 作者:Meixiang Wang, Xun Xiao, Salma Siddika, Mohammad Shamsi, Ethan Frey, Wen Qian, Wubin Bai, Brendan T. O’Connor & Michael D. Dickey ▲鏈接: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-07564-0 ▲摘要: 玻璃狀聚合物通常堅硬而堅固,但延展性有限。通過溶脹,玻璃狀聚合物可以變成柔軟而脆弱的凝膠,但具有增強的延展性。性能的顯著變化是由于溶劑增加了鏈間的自由體積,同時減弱了聚合物與聚合物之間的相互作用。研究者展示了極性聚合物與離子液體——離子凝膠,在適當(dāng)濃度下的溶劑化可以產(chǎn)生一種獨特的材料,稱為玻璃凝膠,具有玻璃和凝膠的理想性能。 離子液體增加了自由體積,因此,盡管缺乏傳統(tǒng)的溶劑(例如,水),可擴(kuò)展性。但在室溫下,離子液體在聚合物鏈之間形成強而豐富的非共價交聯(lián),形成堅硬、堅韌、玻璃狀和均勻的網(wǎng)絡(luò)(即沒有相分離)。盡管液體含量超過54wt %,但玻璃凝膠具有巨大的斷裂強度(42 MPa)、韌性(110 MJ m?3)、屈服強度(73 MPa)和楊氏模量(1 GPa)。這些值與熱塑性塑料(如聚乙烯)相似,但與熱塑性塑料不同的是,玻璃狀凝膠可以變形到670%的應(yīng)變,并且在加熱時可以完全快速恢復(fù)。這些透明材料通過一步聚合形成,具有令人印象深刻的粘合、自愈和形狀記憶特性。 ▲ Abstract: Glassy polymers are generally stiff and strong yet have limited extensibility. By swelling with solvent, glassy polymers can become gels that are soft and weak yet have enhanced extensibility. The marked changes in properties arise from the solvent increasing free volume between chains while weakening polymer–polymer interactions. Here we show that solvating polar polymers with ionic liquids (that is, ionogels) at appropriate concentrations can produce a unique class of materials called glassy gels with desirable properties of both glasses and gels. The ionic liquid increases free volume and therefore extensibility despite the absence of conventional solvent (for example, water). Yet, the ionic liquid forms strong and abundant non-covalent crosslinks between polymer chains to render a stiff, tough, glassy, and homogeneous network (that is, no phase separation), at room temperature. Despite being more than 54wt% liquid, the glassy gels exhibit enormous fracture strength (42 MPa), toughness (110 MJ m?3), yield strength (73 MPa) and Young’s modulus (1 GPa). These values are similar to those of thermoplastics such as polyethylene, yet unlike thermoplastics, the glassy gels can be deformed up to 670% strain with full and rapid recovery on heating. These transparent materials form by a one-step polymerization and have impressive adhesive, self-healing and shape-memory properties. |

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