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醫(yī)學(xué)科研論文的格式簡明版
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醫(yī)學(xué)科研論文的格式簡明版 1、標題（title） 2、摘要（abstract） 3、引言（introduction） 4、材料和方法（materialsand methods） 5、結(jié)果（results） 6、討論（discussion） 7、致謝（acknowledgement） 8、參考文獻（references） 1、標題 1）要求 簡明扼要（shortand concise）：盡量控制在一行，但不是一個句子；不超過25個單詞或120-140個字母；除DNA、RNA、CT等不用縮寫。 A. 信息豐富（informative） B. 便于索引（indexing） C. 較長標題可采用副標題 2）標題寫作中常用詞組和表達方式 用…（方法／手段）對…進行研究／分析／觀察／評價： Study(analysis/observation/evaluation/assessment)of (on) … by (using 方法/with工具) A對B的作用 EffortofA on B Protective effect of omeprazole onendothelin-induced gastric mucosal injury A與B的關(guān)系 Correlation(relation/relationship)between A and B Correlationof A with B and C 常用修飾詞 positively/negatively/significantly/insignificantly 用…治療… Useof …in the treatment of …(病）in…（生物） Useof omeprazole in the treatment of gastric ulcer in the elderly A是B A as B 2、摘要 1）摘要分類 摘要是作者要給讀者的精華，從內(nèi)容上分兩大類： A. 指示性摘要 B. 資料性摘要 從結(jié)構(gòu)分為三大類： A. 非結(jié)構(gòu)式摘要 B. 全結(jié)構(gòu)式摘要 C. 半結(jié)構(gòu)式摘要 2）非結(jié)構(gòu)式摘要 缺點：段落不明，給編輯、審稿、閱讀和計算機處理帶來諸多不便 3）全結(jié)構(gòu)式摘要 八要素摘要：目的，設(shè)計，地點，對象，處理，主要測定項目，結(jié)果，結(jié)論。 優(yōu)點：觀點更明確，信息量更大；差錯更少；符合計算機數(shù)據(jù)庫建立和使用要求。 缺點：煩瑣、重復(fù)、篇幅過長 4）半結(jié)構(gòu)式摘要 即為四要素摘要： 目的（objective/purpose/aim） 方法（methods） 結(jié)果（results） 結(jié)論（conclusion） 3、目的 目的是作者想要介紹的關(guān)鍵問題。 1）目的格式 單表目的 背景＋目的 2）目的常用時態(tài) 背景：現(xiàn)在時（一般現(xiàn)在時、完成時和進行時） 目的：一般現(xiàn)在時／現(xiàn)在完成時，或一般過去時 舉例1： Toevaluate the effects on 24-hour intragastric pH levels of infusionswithomeprazole and H2 receptor antagonists in bleeding duodenal ulcerpatients. 舉例2： Therole of omeprazole in triple therapy and the impact of Helicobacterpyloriresistance on treatment outcome are not established. This studyinvestigatedthe role of omeprazole and influence of primary H. pyloriresistance oneradication and development of secondary resistance. 3）介紹目的常用句型 主要用動詞不定式to表達 直接用“todo短語”表達 舉例1： Todetermine if use of omeprazole protects against the gastric mucosalinjury Thepurpose/aim/objective/goal (of present study is) was to 舉例2： Theaim ofthis study was to determine the protective function ofomeprazole on gastricmucosal injury. Thepresent study is /was designed/devised/intended to 舉例3： Thepresent study was designed to establish whether there might be agenetic pred is position to an altered pattern of anti-inflammatorycytokine produced inpatients with irritable bowel syndrome. Thisstudy was performed/conducted/carried out/under taken to 舉例4： Anexperimental study was conducted using a canine mode to elucidate … Weaimed/sought to/attempted to 舉例5： Wesought to assess whether there is an increased risk of tuberculosisamong individuals who work in certain industries occupations. 4）介紹目的常用動詞 研究：study,investigate,examine, observe, explore 舉例： Ourobjective in this report is to examine the clinical feature,pathology and treatment for patients with pancreatic cancer. 評價：evaluate,validate 舉例： Toevaluate sonography as a tool for initial diagnosis in emergency roompatientswith abdominal trauma. 確定：determine,decide,confirm, support, define, characterize 證實：prove,demonstrate,document, test, support, testify, verify 闡明、搞清：explain,elucidate,clarify, illustrate, delineate, find out, contribute to theknowledgeof 介紹：describe,present,report 建立：establish,develop,set out 尋找：searchfor,look for, seek, find 識別、區(qū)分：identify,differentiate,discriminate 優(yōu)選：optimize 比較：compare 回顧：review 相關(guān)：correlateAwith B 4、方法部分 研究設(shè)計； 研究對象的特性； 干預(yù)或處理方法； 測定或觀察方法。 1）研究對象的選擇、來源及標準 納入研究：wereentered into/enrolled in/selected (randomly) 舉例：Atotal of 169 patients were included in the study, 83 of whomreceived…… 排除或退出研究：wereexcluded from participation，withdrew from the study due to/because to 舉例：……Patientswith significant aortic valvular diseases were excluded. 2）研究對象的分組 ……were divided into/classified/grouped into ……weredivided randomly/randomized into ……weredivided equally into 舉例：Patientswere divided into three groups: Group 1…… Patients (n = 539) witha history of duodenal ulcer and a positive H. pylori screening testresult were randomized into 4 groups. OAC group received 20 mgomeprazole, …… 3）年齡 某一年齡 舉例：A50-year-old patient. Patients (age 26±3 years). 在某年齡范圍內(nèi)及平均年齡 舉例：Patientsrange in age from …to…, with a mean of (50 years). 在某一年齡以上或以下 舉例：Patientsmore than 50 years. Patients under/less than 50 years. 4）性別、時間 性別 twelve patients (7 male and 5 female ) The male-to-female ratio was 1:4 時間 Body weight was measured weekly, and liver biopsy was obtained at 4,8 and 12 weeks.…… 5）診斷與治療 診斷 be diagnosed as having … be diagnosed as …by …/with … besuspected as … 治療 be treated with…(alone or in combination with …) be treated on outpatient/inpatient basis 舉例：Patients(n= 539) with a history of duodenal ulcer and a positive H. pyloriscreening test result were randomized into 4 groups. OAC groupreceived 20 mg omeprazole, … 舉例：50patients with active bleeding duodenal ulcer were randomly assignedto receiveone of the four treatment regimens. … 5、結(jié)果部分 是文章結(jié)論的根據(jù)，應(yīng)記錄真實的科研數(shù)據(jù)，除指示性說明外，一般用過去時表示。 常用句型 結(jié)果表明 Theresults showed / demonstrated / revealed /documented /indicated/suggested…that…； Itwas found that… 舉例：Theresults showed that high thigh cuff Doppler technique was 79 percentsensitive, 56 percent specific and 63 percent accurate. 與…有關(guān) Awas related / correlated /associated with B. There was a relationship/correlation between A and B. There was a relation of A with B and C 舉例：Insulin sensitivity index was negatively with blood velocity (r=0.530,P<0.05), bodymass index (r=o.563, P<0.01) and baselineinsulinemia (r=0.489, P<0.05) 增加或減少 表示數(shù)值增加的動詞：increase,rise,elevate 表示數(shù)值增加的名詞：increase,increment,elevation 表示數(shù)值減少的動詞：decrease,reduce,fall, drop, decline, lower 表示數(shù)值減少的名詞：decrease,decrement,reduction, fall, drop, decline, lowering 從…增加到…，平均增加…：increasefrom…to …, with a mean/average (increase) of … 從…增加到…，總的增加…：increasefrom…to …, with an overall increase of … 增加了10％：increaseby(10%) 倍數(shù)比較 增加或減少3倍：increaseby3 fold (times); a 3-fold increase A是B的3倍：Ais 3 fold (times) as…as B. A is 3 fold (times) B 結(jié)果的統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義 明顯不同（significantdifference） 很明顯不同（very/highlysignificant difference） 區(qū)別不明顯（insignificantdifference） 無區(qū)別（nonsignificantdifference/no difference） 統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義常用句型 Therewas/is significant difference in…between A and B Thedifference in …between A and B was/is significant Awas/is significant difference from B in … Nosignificant difference was found / observed / noted in …between Aand B “in”表示區(qū)分的性質(zhì)或內(nèi)容 舉例1：Therewere no significant difference between treatment groups in symptoms andlung function (P>0.05). 舉例2：Significantdifference were not noted in the level of HDL cholesterol, and LDLpeakparticle diameter before and after treatment. 6、結(jié)論部分 是作者發(fā)表觀點和見解，給讀者的精髓部分歸納性說明研究結(jié)果或發(fā)現(xiàn)結(jié)論性說明結(jié)果的可能原因、機理或意義前瞻性說明未解決的問題。 1）結(jié)論部分時態(tài) 過去時 a. 涉及本研究的內(nèi)容 b. 涉及他人研究過程的內(nèi)容 c. 作者認為只適用于本研究環(huán)境和條件的結(jié)論 現(xiàn)在時 a. 指示性說明 b. 普遍接受的思想、理論或結(jié)論 c. 作者認為本研究結(jié)論具有普遍意義 d. 前瞻性說明 舉例：Ourfindings indicate that hepatitis C is a progressive disease[指示性說明-現(xiàn)在時]，butonlya few died during the average 20.4 years after the initiation ofinjectiondrug use [本試驗過程中發(fā)生的事-過去時］.Antiviraltreatment to eradicate the virus and halt the progression ofdiseasesis indicated in this group of patients [作者認為具有普遍意義的結(jié)論-現(xiàn)在時]. 2）結(jié)論部分常用句型 結(jié)果提示… Theseresults suggest that… 舉例：Thesedata confirm the presence of at least two major HCV genotypes inNigeria. 結(jié)果支持或反對某種觀點 Theseresults support the idea that… Theseresults fail to support the idea that… 舉例：Theseresults do not support the idea that treatment to lower cholesterolconcentration cause mood disturbance. 表示觀點的確定或不確定性 Thereis no evidence that… Itis likely/unlikely that … 舉例：Thereis no evidence that NIDDM produce any change in bone metabolism ormass. 具有…意義 Beof great (some/little/no) clinical significance in…to … 舉例：Thedetection of p53 gene is of great clinical significance in tumordiagnosis. 前瞻性說明 …remaintobe further studied； Itis remains to be proved that … 舉例：However,the relation of insulin resistance to hypertension remains to befurtherstudied. 插入語 Thisis the first case of pancreas divisum. 舉例：Thisis the first case, to our knowledge, of pancreas divisum. 有需要視頻學(xué)習(xí)的可以下載附件，若下載不了也可以私信~ |
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